Personality has been studied through the Five-Factor-Model of personality-degree of Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Geographic factors have been studied through residential area (e.g., rural and urban areas). Sociodemographic factors have been defined by age, gender, income, and education. The aim of the present study is to examine the influence of sociodemography, geography, and personality on car driving and use of public transportation.
To address the sustainability challenges related to travel behavior, technological innovations will not be enough. We discusses the strengths and limitations of screening version of the IDCP and guidelines for further study. We achieved a final set of 15 items with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for screening test. The logistic regression analysis and also the calculation of Cohen's d indicated the items that best discriminate against people with personality disorders and those without this diagnosis. We used an empirical approach based on criteria for selection of items similar to those adopted in the development of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was used (MMPI). The sample was divided into clinical and non-clinical group. The study included 1,196 people, aging between 18 and 73 years (M = 26.32, SD = 8.69), and 64.1% female. Using as a base the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP), developed at the national level, the objective of this research was to develop a screening tool for personality disorders, as well as investigate its diagnostic accuracy. Screening tools are designed to allow a fast and informative application on the likelihood of a positive diagnosis, where the consequence should be conveyed to a diagnostic assessment. However, there is a gap in the country of screening tools for personality disorders. Tests assessing the typical pathological traits of these disorders has been adapted to and developed in Brazil.
The assessment of personality disorders assumes unquestioned clinical relevance when considering the prevalence rates in the general population. Thus, based on a psychometric design that focuses more on the discriminative capacity and less on the internal structure of the set of items (Buchanan, 1994 Gregory, 2013), the data suggest diagnostic accuracy in the identification of patients with PDs for a set of 15 items primarily related to imbalances in interpersonal relationships, psychological distress experience, and self-neglect.
Based on the psychometric adequacy of IDCP and IDCP-2, including discriminative ability of patients with PDs (IDCP Carvalho, & Primi, 2015 Carvalho, Primi, & Stone, 2014 Carvalho, Oliveira Filho, Pessotto, & Bortolotti, 2014 and IDCP-2 e.g., Carvalho, & Arruda, 2016 Carvalho, Pianoswski, & Miguel, 2015 Carvalho, & Sette, 2015 2017 Carvalho, Souza, & Primi, 2014), this study focused on the development and verification of the diagnostic accuracy of a screening version of the IDCP, presenting satisfactory results that may meet the Brazilian gap of instruments available for an initial identification of individuals potentially diagnosed with PDs.